Lactation Induction in a Commissioned Mother by Surrogacy: Effects on Prolactin Levels, Milk Secretion and Mother Satisfaction / Indução da lactação em mãe por útero de substituição: efeitos na concentração de prolactina, produção láctea e satisfação materna

Abstract Case report of a 39-year-old intended mother of a surrogate pregnancy who underwent induction of lactation by sequential exposure to galactagogue drugs (metoclopramide and domperidone), nipple mechanical stimulation with an electric pump, and suction by the newborn. The study aimed to analyze the effect of each step of the protocol on serum prolactin levels, milk secretion and mother satisfaction, in the set of surrogacy. Serum prolactin levels and milk production had no significant changes. Nevertheless, themother was able to breastfeed for four weeks, and expressed great satisfaction with the experience. As a conclusion, within the context of a surrogate pregnancy, breastfeeding seems to bring emotional benefits not necessarily related to an increase in milk production.

Resumo Relato de caso de mãe por útero de substituição, de 39 anos de idade, submetida a indução da lactação por exposição sequencial a drogas galactogogas (metoclopramida e domperidona), estimulação mamilar mecânica com bomba elétrica, e sucção pelo recém-nascido. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de cada etapa do protocolo na concentração sérica de prolactina, no volume de secreção láctea e na satisfação materna. A concentração sérica de prolactina e a produção láctea não apresentaram mudanças significativas. Entretanto, a mãe foi capaz de amamentar a criança por quatro semanas, e manifestou grande satisfação com a experiência. Como conclusão, no contexto de maternidade por útero de substituição, o aleitamento materno parece promover benefícios emocionais, não necessariamente relacionados ao aumento do volume de leite.

Morphometric and hormonal study of the effect of utrica diocia extract on mammary glands in rats / Estudio morfométrico y hormonal del efecto de extracto de utrica diocia en glándulas mamarias en ratas

Urtica diocia is a multipurpose herb in traditional medicine. Its hydroalcoholic extract (20, 50 and 100 mg/kg) administered interaperitoneally to Wistar female rats for 21 consequent days resulted in significant increase in the number of alveoli of mammary glands in doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Changes in serum prolactin and alveolar diameter were not significant in comparison with control group. Also, there was an increase in serum prolactin and alveolar diameter in doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Utrica diocia extract has positive effects on mammary glands.

Urtica diocia es una hierba de usos múltiples en la medicina tradicional. Su extracto hidroalcohólico (20, 50 y 100 mg/kg) administrado por vía intraperitoneal en ratas hembras Wistar de 21 días resultaron en un aumento significativo en el número de alvéolos de las glándulas mamarias en dosis de 20 y 50 mg/kg. Los cambios en la prolactina sérica y el diámetro alveolar no fueron significativos en comparación con el grupo control. Además, hubo un aumento en la prolactina sérica y en el diámetro alveolar en dosis de 20 y 50 mg/kg. El extracto de Urtica diocia tiene efectos positivos sobre las glándulas mamarias.

Comparative effects of bromocriptine and cabergoline on serum prolactin levels, liver and kidney function tests in hyperprolactinemic women

To compare the effects of cabergoline and bromocriptine on serum prolactin levels and liver and renal functions in hyperprolactinemic women. This study involved one hundred women, who had symptoms of hyperprolactinemia and elevated serum prolactin concentration. They were divided into two groups of 50 women. The first group received 0.5 mg of cabergoline weekly and the second group received bromocriptine up to a maximum of 2.5 mg twice daily. Serum prolactin, total bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, AST activity, ALT activity, serum creatinine and serum urea concentrations and creatinine clearance were determined at baseline and at 8 week interval [at the end of the trial]. The efficacy of treatment was assessed with the regular menstrual cycle, absence of galactorrhea, oligomenorrhea and normalization of serum prolactin levels. Normalization of serum prolactin level was achieved in 28 of 50 [56%] women taking bromocriptine and in 40 of 50 [80%] women taking cabergoline. Cabergoline group showed a higher percent of improvement of the symptoms of hyperprolactinemia. Figures of 83.33% for amenorrhea, 71.4% for galactorrhea and 95.45% for oligomenorrhea have been noted with cabergoline versus 55.5%, 33.33% and 72%, respectively for bromocriptine. Sixty six percent of the women taking bromocriptine were reported to have adverse effects as compared with 30% of those taking cabergoline therapy. No significant adverse effects on liver and kidney functions have been reported in the study. The present study demonstrated that both bromocriptine and cabergoline are effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia but cabergoline has the advantage over bromocriptine in terms of both efficacy and tolerability. Therefore it is preferred in the treatment of women with hyperprolactinemia. However, both drugs showed no abnormality in liver function as well as kidney function tests

Imipramine induced elevation of prolactin levels in patients with HIV/AIDS improved their immune status / La elevación de niveles de prolactina mediante inducción con imipramina mejoró el estatus inmune de pacientes con VIH/SIDA

Prolactin is known to have significant immunomodulatory properties. Imipramine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, stimulates prolactin production because it decreases dopamine which inhibits secretion of prolactin. The study objective was to determine if use of imipramine can result in immunological benefits for HIV-positive patients by restoration and preservation of immunological function. A cohort of 19 retroviral positive patients was identified for the prospective study which continued for a 28-week period. Three patients dropped out before the study began. Inclusion criteria accepted only patients on the same highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen for a nine-month period and who had reached a plateau with respect to the CD4 cell count and also had no prior history of antidepressant use for a 12-month period. This study had a "before and after" design, patients serving as their own control. The study drug imipramine was prescribed for a 12-week period up to visit 4, and then discontinued for 4-weeks (washout period) at which time blood investigations were done at visit 5. Finally, patients were prescribed the study drug for a further 12-week period to the end of the trial (visit 7). At the 95 per cent probability level, significant differences in average prolactin and CD4 levels from visit 4 to the end of the trial period were recorded. Results showed a trend of prolactin levels decreasing after washout (p = 0.015) and increasing by the end of the trial period once imipramine dispensation had recommenced (p = 0.006). With respect to the CD4 cell count, there was a significant increase after wash-out (p = 0.022). These results indicate a trend to immune boosting in HIV-positive patients who had obtained the maximum response from HAART.

Se sabe que la prolactina posee importantes propiedades inmunomudolatorias. La imipramina, un inhibidor de la monoamino oxidasa, estimula la producción de la prolactina porque disminuye la dopamina, que a su vez inhibe la secreción de prolactina. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el uso de la imipramina puede traer beneficios inmunológicos a los pacientes VIH positivos mediante la restauración y preservación de la función inmunológica. Se identificó una cohorte de 19 pacientes retrovirales positivos, a fin de realizar este estudio prospectivo que continuó por un período de 28 semanas Tres pacientes se retiraron antes de que el estudio comenzara. Los criterios de inclusión aceptaban sólo pacientes que tuvieran el mismo régimen de terapia antiretroviral altamente activa (HAART) por un período de nueve meses, que hubieran alcanzado un nivel de estabilización con respecto al conteo de células CD4, y que no hubieran además tenido con anterioridad una historia de uso de anti-depresantes por espacio de 12 meses. Este estudio tuvo un diseño "antes y después", sirviendo los pacientes como su propio control. La imipramina para el estudio fue prescrita por un período de 12 semanas hasta la visita 4, y luego descontinuada por 4 semanas para un reposo farmacológico (período de lavado), realizándose entonces pruebas de sangre en la visita 5. Finalmente se prescribió el medicamento de estudio a los pacientes por un nuevo período de 12 semanas hasta el final del ensayo (visita 7). En el nivel de probabilidad del 95 por ciento, se registraron diferencias significativas en los niveles promedio de prolactina y CD4 desde la visita 4 hasta el final del período de ensayo. Los resultados mostraron una tendencia de los niveles de prolactina a descender tras el lavado (p = 0.015) y a aumentar hacia el final del período de ensayo, una vez que la dispensación de imipramina hubiese recomenzado (p = 0.006). Con respecto al conteo de células de CD4, hubo un aumento significativo luego del lavado (p = 0.022).

[Effects of bupivacain infiltration on insulin, glucose, prolactin and cortisol responses to operative stress after unilateral inguinal hernoiraphy among 3-7 year-old children]

Operative stress and post-operative pain are important issues in medicine. After any types of surgery, the stress hormones release responding to pain. In this study we applied Bupivacain infiltration in surgical wounds of inguinal hernia amongst children aged 3-7 years and evaluated its effects on some stress hormones and plasma levels of glucose. In this prospective study, 116 children aged 3-7 years [24 females, 92 males] undergone unilateral repair of inguinal hernia under general anesthesia at Mofid children hospital during 2005-2007, were devided into 2 groups. Perincisional wound infiltration of 1-2 mg/kg of Bupivacain was performed in experimental group. In both groups, 10-15 mg/kg of Acetaminophen suppository were recommended at the recovery room. 4 ml of blood samples were obtained at three distinct stages [preincisional stage, at the end of operation and 4 hours after operation] to measure the insulin, prolactin cortisol and glucose plasma levels of subjects. Post operative pain was measured objectively by Hannalla scale. In both groups plasma prolactin levels increased at the end of operation along with insulin, cortisol and glucose. However, these differences became statistically significant just for insulin. There were no significant differences between other variables. In addition, although the plasma concentration of above mentioned variables became lesser in the 4[th] hour of postoperative period in experimental group, there were no statistically significant difference compared to those of control group. Wound infiltration of Bupivacain decreases the stress hormones and pain during the post-operative period. We recommend this type of infiltration applying long-acting anesthetic agents with fewer numbers of side-effects

Treatment outcome of hyperprolactinaemic infertility with carbegoline in sub saharan Africa

Hyperprolactinaemia is a known cause of infertility. We explored the efficacy of carbegoline, the long acting dopamine agonist that was recently introduced into our medical practice. Seventy six patients with infertility secondary to hyperprolactinaemia were studied over a period of 20 weeks each. All the patients had carbegoline twice weekly for eight weeks. Two dosage regimen were used based on the pretreatment prolactin level; less than 50ng/ml had 0.25mg twice weekly [n=58] and 50ng/ml and above 0.5mg twice weekly [n=18]. Normalization of prolactin level was achieved in 75 [98.7%] patients. At the end of the study period, there was resumption of menstrual flow in 10 [76.9%] of the 13 patients that were amenorrhoiec and all the 39 [100%] patients that were oligomenorrhoeic had their normal menstrual cycle restored. Resumption of ovulatory cycles occurred in 87.7% of those with anovulatory cycles. Of the 76 patients, 69 [90.8%] got pregnant during the 20 weeks study. However, out of the 69 that got pregnant, 13 [18.8%] got pregnant while on carbegoline therapy. There was no case of carbegoline resistance or discontinuation recorded in this study. Carbegoline is a cost effective first line therapy in the management of infertile women with hyperprolactinaemia

Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of in vitro prolactin secretion from the rat anterior pituitary

In previous studies, we demonstrated biphasic purinergic effects on prolactin (PRL) secretion stimulated by an adenosine A2 agonist. In the present study, we investigated the role of the activation of adenosine A1 receptors by (R)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) at the pituitary level in in vitro PRL secretion. Hemipituitaries (one per cuvette in five replicates) from adult male rats were incubated. Administration of R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 æM) induced a reduction of PRL secretion into the medium in a U-shaped dose-response curve. The maximal reduction was obtained with 0.1 æM R-PIA (mean ± SEM, 36.01 ± 5.53 ng/mg tissue weight (t.w.)) treatment compared to control (264.56 ± 15.46 ng/mg t.w.). R-PIA inhibition (0.01 æM = 141.97 ± 15.79 vs control = 244.77 ± 13.79 ng/mg t.w.) of PRL release was blocked by 1 æM cyclopentyltheophylline, a specific A1 receptor antagonist (1 æM = 212.360 ± 26.560 ng/mg t.w.), whereas cyclopentyltheophylline alone (0.01, 0.1, 1 æM) had no effect. R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 æM) produced inhibition of PRL secretion stimulated by both phospholipase C (0.5 IU/mL; 977.44 ± 76.17 ng/mg t.w.) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM; 415.93 ± 37.66 ng/mg t.w.) with nadir established at the dose of 0.1 æM (225.55 ± 71.42 and 201.9 ± 19.08 ng/mg t.w., respectively). Similarly, R-PIA (0.01 æM) decreased (242.00 ± 24.00 ng/mg t.w.) the PRL secretion stimulated by cholera toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 1050.00 ± 70.00 ng/mg t.w.). In contrast, R-PIA had no effect (468.00 ± 34.00 ng/mg t.w.) on PRL secretion stimulation by pertussis toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 430.00 ± 26.00 ng/mg t.w.). These results suggest that inhibition of PRL secretion after A1 receptor activation by R-PIA is mediated by a Gi protein-dependent mechanism.

Prolactin suppression inhibits the prostatic dysplasia induced by testosterone and estradiol-17 Beta in sprague-dawley rats

The treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 weeks with testosterone [T] and estradiol-17 beta [E2] induces prostatic dysplasia by 80%. The combined hormonal treatment also induces hyperprolactinemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the dual hormone action is mediated via E2-induced hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine [Brc] was used to suppress pituitary prolactin [PRL] release. Serum PRL levels were lowered from values of 329 +/- 41 ng/ml in T + E2 treated rats to 35 +/- 9 ng/ml in Brc co-treated animals and this were comparable to PRL levels in untreated rats. Brc not only blocked the hyperprolactinemia but also blocked the dysplasia induced by T + E2 treatment. However, it remains to be defined whether estrogen exerts direct trophic effects, independent of PRL induction, on the rat prostate and thereby participates in the development of dysplasia in the prostate. To address this question, we used ICI 182, 780 [ICI] to antagonize the action of estrogen at the tissue level in T + E2- treated rats. Initially, we used ICI to block the E2 local effect on the prostate but surprisingly, we observed that ICI was able to block hyperprolactinemia and significantly decrease the number and percentage of the prostatic dysplasia in the rates treated with T + E2. These findings indicate that prostatic dysplasia is mediated through a PRL-dependent as well as PRL-independent mechanisms and suggest a new action for ICI to block the hyperprolactinemia

effects acetylsalicylic acid on the pituitary prolactin of the lizard, uromastix hardwickii

This study deals with the intravenous administration of 7mg acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] solution to Uromastix hardwickii for 4 days. It enhances the activity of anterior pituitary lactotrophs, when 0.1 ml of pituitary homogenate of ASA treated was injected hypodermically to crop- sac showed a greater diametric response and increased activity with milk like secretion than that of the injections of 0.1 ml homogenate of control pituitary. The present study indicated that ASA induces hyperprolactinemia

Chronic effect of antidopaminergic drugs or estrogen on male Wistar rat lactotrophs and somatotrophs

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of antidopaminergic agents on the somatotrophs in the presence of hyperprolactinemia. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group and five groups chronically treated (60 days) with haloperidol, fluphenazine, sulpiride, metoclopramide or estrogen. Somatotrophs and lactotrophs were identified by immunohistochemistry and the data are reported as percent of total anterior pituitary cells counted. The drugs significantly increased the percentage of lactotrophs: control (mean + or - SD) 21.3 + or - 4.4, haloperidol 27.8 + or - 2.2, fluphenazine 34.5 + or - 3.6, sulpiride 32.7 + or - 3.5, metoclopramide 33.4 + or - 5.5 and estrogen 42.4 + or - 2.8. A significant reduction in somatotrophs was observed in animals treated with haloperidol (23.1 + or - 3.0), fluphenazine (22.1 + or - 1.1) and metoclopramide (24.2 + or - 3.0) compared to control (27.3 + or - 3.8), whereas no difference was observed in the groups treated with sulpiride (25.0 + or - 2.2) and estrogen (27.1 + or - 2.8). In the groups in which a reduction occurred, this may have simply been due to dilution, secondary to lactotroph hyperplasia. In view of the duplication of the percentage of prolactin-secreting cells, when estrogen was applied, the absence of a reduction in the percent of somatotrophs suggests a replication effect on this cell population. These data provide additional information about the direct or indirect effect of drugs which, in addition to interfering with the dopaminergic system, may act on other pituitary cells as well as on the lactotrophs.

Effects of bromocriptine on serum prolactin levels, pituitary weight and immunoreactive prolactin cells in estradiol-treated ovariectomized rats: an experimental model of estrogen-dependent hyperprolactinemia

The present study was designed to assess the effects of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, on pituitary wet weight, number of immunoreactive prolactin cells and serum prolactin concentrations in estradioltreated rats. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with sunflower oil vehicle or estradiol valerate (50 or 300 mug rat-1 week-l) for 2, 4 or 10 weeks. Bromocriptine (0.2 or 0.6 mg rat-1 day-l) was injected daily during the last 5 or 12 days of estrogen treatment. Data were compared with those obtained for intact control rats. Administration of both doses of estrogen increased serum prolactin levels. No difference in the number of prolactin cells in rats treated with 50 mug estradiol valerate was observed compared to intact adult animals. In contrast, rats treated with 300 mug estradiol valerate showed a significant increase in the number of prolactin cells (P<0.05). Therefore, the increase in serum prolactin levels observed in rats treated with 50 mug estradiol valerate, in the absence of morphological changes in the pituitary cells, suggests a "functional" estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine decreased prolactin levels in all estrogen-treated rats. The administration of this drug to rats previously treated with 300 mug estradiol valerate also resulted in a significant decrease in pituitary weight and number of prolactin cells when compared to the group treated with estradiol alone. The general antiprolactinemic and antiproliferative pituitary effects of bromocriptine treatment reported here validate the experimental model of estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemic rats.

Melatonin: the assumed latest cure- all drug

This study was carried out to evaluate the hormonal and some biochemical changes which might be caused by administration of melatonin [Mt] daily for five months to 36 albino rats of both sexes. Long-term administration of doses equivalent to human dose range of melatonin caused an increase in testosterone, a decrease in estradiol [E2] levels in males with no change in the levels of both hormones in females, an increase in follicular stimulating hormones [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] and a decrease in prolactin [PRL] levels in both sexes. Serum glutamicoxalo-acetic transaminase [GOT], glutamic- pyruvic transaminase [GPT] and sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH] showed a significant increase from the third month onwards, while serum urea and creatinine showed a significant increase only at the fifth month

Tabaquismo y su efecto sobre el embarazo, lactancia, crecimiento y salud del niño / Smoking and it effect on pregnancy, brest feeding, growth and child health

En Chile la prevalencia de tabaquismo en las mujeres mayores de 14 años alcanza ya 44 porciento. En esta revisión se analiza el efecto del tabaquismo sobre el peso de nacimiento, morbilidad y mortalidad del recién nacido, embarazo, composición corporal del niño y la madre, lactancia materna y salud infantil. Se demuestra que el tabaquismo pasivo tiene efectos nocivos similares en el peso de nacimiento y la salud del niño. Fumar durante el embarazo no sólo complica el parto y la vida neonatal, sino que parece programar la salud del niño a largo plazo, como lo demuestran la hipertensión encontrada en niños de madres fumadoras, a los 7-8 años de vida. El cigarrillo durante el embarazo y la lactancia atenta contra la salud adulta del niño, aumentando sus riesgos de contraer enfermedades crónicas. Por ello la prevención del tabaquismo debe comenzar tempranamente en el período de gestación

Effects of Norplant [subdermal implants] on serum levels of beta-endorphin: prolactin and gonadotropin

50 parous women were enrolled in a longitudinal study of the effect of Norplant subdermal [long acting levonorgestrel] implant on serum levels of gonadotropins [FSH and LH], prolactin [PRL] and beta- endorphin [beta-Ed] for 5 years user. All of them had children. 40 women only completed the study. 10 married parous women not using hormonal contraception volunteers as control. The Norplant users and the control were similarly studied. Starting by day 5 of their cycle until the next menses, three samples were taken [postmenstrual, midcycle and premenstrual phases]. These samples were collected at the end of one, two up to five years since insertion of Norplant. There was definite improvement in the bleeding pattern with time. Marked inhibition were noticed in the serum levels of LH and FSH surge during the first three years, then elevated to be in the range of normal levels in the last two years. Serum PRL and beta-Ed levels lost there normal cyclicity and sustained at a low or high tonic levels all over the study. This study suggested that, Norplant acts mainly by inhibiting the ovulation through suppressing the LH and FSH surge while, the anovulation may be the cause of cesation of normal pulsatility for both serum beta-Ed and PRL

Función serotoninérgica y conducta agresivoimpulsiva / Serotonergic function and aggressive-impulsive behavior

En las dos últimas décadas se ha prestado especial atención a las bases biológicas de la conducta agresiva: la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica ocupa un lugar preferente, tanto en los trabajos de experimentación animal como en estudios realizados en pacientes psiquiátricos, en muestras de sujetos de conducta antisocial y en individuos normales. Hay abrumadora evidencia a favor del papel relevante de la neurotransmisión 5-HT en la modulación de la conducta agresiva o violenta, especialmente la asociada con una pérdida del control de los impulsos. Se revisan los datos disponibles en la literatura y se aportan los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo en sujetos normales mediante el test de estimulación con fluxetina. Se disctuten las implicaciones terapéuticas que ofrecen estos estudios

Acción de la prolactina en los niveles de testosterona plasmática en ratas sometidas a hipoxia de altura / The prolactin action in plasmatic testosterone levels at rats

Ratas albinas macho nacidas a nivel del mar (NM) fueron divididas en dos grupos a los 70 días de nacidas; el primer grupo permaneció a NM y el otro fue llevado a la altura (ALT) (Morococha, 4540 m), con el propósito de estudiar la acción sobre la función testicular de la hipo e hiperprolactinemia, producidas por un dopaminérgico la bromocriptina (CB-154, Sandoz): 4mgr por K.P.C. cada 7 días y un antidopaminérgico, el sulpiride (Dogmatil, Spedrog): 1.5 mgr por k.p.c. dos veces por semana, respectivamente. A los 28 días de tratamiento se determinaron los pesos corporales y de los testículos, así como la prolactina (PRL) y la testosterona (T) plasmática por radioinmunoensayo (RIA), y la alteración testicular (porcentaje de AT) por microscopía de luz. Los animales en la altura presentan mayores niveles séricos de PRL y de T, así como mayor porcentaje de AT que a NM. Los animales llevados a la altura tanto controles como experimentales disminuyen el peso corporal con relación a los del nivel del mar, no así el de los testículos. No hubo variación adicional en los pesos corporales, de testículos y en el porcentaje AT por efecto de la administración de bromocriptina y sulpiride. Se encontró una correlación poligonal entre los niveles de PRL y T plasmáticas, observádose que la hipo y la hiperprolactinemia se asocian a bajos niveles de T. En conclusión la hipoxia aguda a la altura produce un incremento en la secreción de testosterona por los testículos en ratas, que dependería al menos parcialmente de un incremento en los niveles de prolactina.

use of specific opioid receptor antagonist [nalthrexone] in hypertensive pregnancy

Twenty pregnant patients induced hypertension in late pregnancy [30-36 weeks] were randomly allocated to either Nalthrexone [R Trexan], specific opioid receptor antagonist, or placebo treatment. Nalthrexone was given in the form of tablets, 50 mg/12 hours. Blood pressure was measured twice daily and measuring of proteinunria was done daily with observation of edema of the lower limbs. The serum levels of prolactin before, one week and 2 weeks after treatment, were measured by radioimmunoassay. This was done also to 51 normal pregnant women in the same gestational age. The results show normalization of blood pressure, subsidence of pretibial edema and minimal decrease in body weight. This was associated with decrease of serum proloctin from 148 +/- 12.8 to 23.4 +/- 4.76 ng/ml after treatment. All babies were delivered at term in a healthy condition. There was no effect on the initiation of lactation which was normal up to 3 months after delivery. The present results of potential value from the clinical and biological points of view are: Nalthrexone is an effective and safe drug to be used in PIH. Beta-endorphin may play a role in the pathogenesis of PIH through controlling the release of prolactin

Comparison of the effect of bromocriptine and zinc on serum prolactin and sexual functions in patients with chronic renal failure

Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent endocrine abnormality in uremic patients and is usually accompanied by low zinc [Zn] level, decreases in potency and libido. This study was conducted on 50 subjects composed of 40 male uremic patients on regular hemodialysis with impaired sexual functions. 20 of them received Bromocriptine [Bro] for 6 months, 20 of them received oral Zn for 6 months with 10 well cross matched healthy volunteers. The aim is to compare the effect of Zn and Bro-administration on serum prolactin [PRL] level, libido and sexual functions. A detailed sexual history was obtained from every patient. None of the cases was receiving drugs or had any diseases that affect PRL level with more stress on exclusion of neuropsychiatric causes of impotence, serum creatinine and urea were estimated as well as serum PRL and Zn before and after treatment. From this study, it can be concluded that in uremic patients, under dialysis serum PRL was found to be high, while serum Zn level was significantly low. Bro-administration lead sexual function [about 80%]. Zn administration decreased significantly serum PRL level and improved sexual function [about 50%], however its impact on PRL level and sexual function remained inferior to the effect of Bro

Efeitos terapêuticos do hidrogênio lisurida na hiperprolactinemia: resposta clínica e hormonal / Therapeutic effects of lisuride hydrogen in hyperprolactinemia: clinical and hormonal response

O hidrogênio maleato de lisurida é de um novo derivado semi-sintético do ergot. Apresenta propriedades agonista dopaminérgico e antagonista seratoninérgico. É cerca de dez vezes mais potente potente que a bromoergocriptina e apresenta a vantagem adicional de possuir estrutura molecular mais simples, sem cadeia peptídica lateral, o que lhe assegura menor custo de síntese e de tratamento. Seis mulheres, portadoras da galactorréia e hiperprolactinemia, foram tratadas com a droga na dose máxima de 0,3mg/dia por 30 dias ou de 0,4mg/dia por 60 dias. A prolactina foi reduzida a níveis normais em 4 pacientes. A galactorréia cessou em todas, ciclos menstruais ocorreram em duas. A cefaléia foi melhorada em uma. Houve boa tolerància do medicamento.